Online Lesson

Follow us

Why Adopt a Highway?

Key Economic Concepts:

• Advertising
• Opportunity Cost
• Role of Government

Description:

Students learn about the successful Adopt-a- Highway program and how it can save governments and taxpayers money.

Lesson Objectives:

Students will:

• Identify reasons why states remove trash on highways.
• Recognize the potential cost to the taxpayer for removing highway litter.
• Explain how a volunteer program, Adopt-A-Highway, can save money for state and local governments.
• Identify the major benefits of this program to the participating organizations.

Introduction:

Have you ever been driving in a car and noticed a paper bag, soda can or other litter along the highway? You may not realize it but that highway trash is costing you and your family. What might be done to help solve this problem? In 1985, in Texas, an innovative program was developed to address this problem. It is now called Adopt-a-Highway Program. This program has now spread to many other states and even to some other countries. It is the Adopt-A-Highway Program.

Resources:

• Don't Mess with Texas; Adopt a Highway History: A history of the Adopt a Highway program.
  www.dot.state.tx.us/trv/aah/history.htm ^[3]
   
• Decomposition Times and Litter Facts: This website details litter facts.
  www.dot.state.mn.us/adopt/litterfacts.html ^[1]
   
• No Littering: Information on fines for littering.
  www.dakotacountyne.org/KNNB/Littering%20fines.htm ^[2]
  
  
• Drag and Drop Activity: This is a matching activity designed to let you match common types of litter with decomposition times.
  Drag and Drop Activity
   
• Multiple Choice Activity: Students can use this multiple choice activity to see how well they retained the information after reading the assigned articles.
  Self Check Multiple Choice Activity
   
• Interactive Activity: Students will use this activity to calculate the cost of highway clean up.
  Interactive Activity

Process:

Have you ever thought about how long discarded litter lasts? Some things might have a longer life span than most humans. Complete the Drag and Drop Activity, which is a matching activity designed to let you match common types of litter with decomposition times.

Were you surprised at how long some things last? Use this link to see a list of other decomposition times ^[1] .

Since many items last a long time, this means that discarded litter on the highways will not just decompose quickly, as some people think.

Why do states hire workers to pick up trash from the highways? First, highway trash may pose a traffic hazard, especially items that can blow onto the highway. People expect to drive safely down state roads. Second, highway litter may injure wildlife, especially small animals that can get trapped in six-pack plastic rings for soda or beer. Third, litter can pose an environmental hazard as toxic chemicals can leak into soil or water as containers decompose. Lastly, highway litter is unsightly and does not attract tourists. In many states today, tourism is big business and states want to present their best appearance to tourists who drive on the state highways. Often the first impression tourists receive about a state or area is formed from the condition of the highways and roads. A key element of that impression is the amount of litter seen by the roadside. Most states have fines to discourage drivers and passengers from littering. Here is some more information on fines for littering ^[2] . Unfortunately, these anti-littering programs based on fines have not been entirely successful. In search of a better alternative, many states have turned to Adopt-a-Highway programs to help with highway cleanup. The idea behind these programs was the brainchild of an engineer with the Texas Department of Transportation (TXDot) in Tyler, Texas. Read about how the program got started at Don't Mess with Texas; Adopt a Highway History. ^[3]

See how well you retained the information after reading the articles by answering the following questions in the Self Check Multiple Choice Activity.

1. What two individuals were most responsible for starting the program?

A. Sam Adams and Bob Jones
B. Tommy Wilson and Jeff Franke
C. Bobby Evans and Billy Black [correct answer]
D. Mike Butler and Bob Garner

2. What was the first organization to adopt a highway?

A. Tyler Garden Club
B. Tyler Civitan Club - [correct answer]
C. Tyler Rotary Club
D. Tyler Young Democrats Club

3. What day is recognized as International Adopt-A-Highway Day?

A. March 9 - [correct answer]
B. April 19
C. May 21
D. June 9

4. Today Adopt-A-Highway programs are in ---------- states.

A. 23
B. 32
C. 41
D. 49 [correct answer]

5. Today adopting organizations adopt a ------ mile long stretch of highway, which was the length adopted by the first adopting organization.

A. 1
B. 2 [correct answer]
C. 3
D. 4

Conclusion:

1. If states have to spend money to pick up trash on the highway, what effect do you think this has on other programs and services provided by the states? [Other programs get less money or may get eliminated altogether.]
2. How do states decide what programs to provide if they don't have enough money for all programs? [State legislators decide on which programs will be funded usually based on priority. In other words, those programs that legislators think are the most important to the voters will usually be funded first.]
3. Do you think highway cleanup programs are considered as important in most states as programs for schools or new highway construction or medical service? Why?
4. Many local organizations such as Boy Scout troops, garden clubs, college fraternities, and civic groups adopt highways. Why do you think so many groups adopt highways?[To do something good for their local area and keep their town or area looking good; they receive some positive publicity or advertising since their name is displayed on the stretch of highway they adopt; to reduce government dollars being spent on highway cleanup.]
5. Are you or any members of your family in an organization that has adopted a highway?

Assessment Activity:

Complete the Interactive Activity  to calculate the cost of highway clean up.

If workers are paid $6.50 an hour to pick up trash on the highway and one worker can clean up a 4-mile stretch of highway per 8-hour day, calculate how much it would cost to clean up:

A. a 20 mile stretch of highway [20/4 = 5 workers x $6.50 x 8 hours = $260]

B. a 100 mile stretch of highway [100/4 = 25 workers X $6.50 x 8 hours = $1,300]

C. a 500 mile stretch of highway [500/4 = 125 workers x $6.50 x 8 hours = $6,500]

In Texas, there are approximately 79,400 miles of roadway that are maintained by the state. How much would it cost to clean litter off all the roads four times a year?

A. [79400/4 = 19,850 workers x $6.50 x 8 hours x 4 times a year = $4,128,800]

After completing the Interactive Activity, you may have the basics for judging whether the cost of highway cleanup looks high. Texas actually spends less than some others states on highway cleanup. In 2001, Georgia spent $12 million to pick up trash and debris from its roadways. This represents an opportunity cost for the state - $12 million spent on highway cleanup that could be spent on another project or program. The state chose to spend this money on highway cleanup and their second choice or opportunity was not chosen. Think about what might be a good second choice for Georgia state legislators if they had this $12 million available? {answers will vary - might point out some things states typically spend money on; education, school, state parks, state highways, health care, and economic development} There are often economic trade-offs that occur in funding at the local, state and even national levels because dollars are limited but needs are not.

Write a three paragraph essay on the cost of your state's highway cleanup. Does the cost surprise you? Also address some ideas about where you would like this money to be spent if it weren't spent on highway cleanup.

Extension Activity:

This lesson can be personalized for students in particular states by having them look up Adopt-A-Highway programs for the appropriate state. You can also find many states' highway cleanup costs and highway litter laws. This would make the lesson more relevant for the students.

Links Used:

1. ^{^ ^} "Litter Facts" - (www.dot.state.mn.us) This site provides facts about litter and decomposition times.
2. ^{^ ^} "No Littering" - (www.dakotacountyne.org) This site provides information on fines for littering.
3. ^{^ ^} "Don't Mess with Texas; Adopt a Highway History" - (www.dot.state.tx.us) A history of the Adopt a Highway program.

Teacher Reviews

Insert a comment, suggestion or review of this lesson here. The comments will not appear immediately due to a time delay to allow for a review by a member of our staff.